I found a book in my attic that caught my eye. My husband is a history teacher, and tends to collect books on people and events in history. This one is called Through My Eyes and it’s written by Ruby Bridges.
Ruby Bridges is famous as the little black girl who integrated an all-white elementary school in New Orleans in 1960, escorted by federal marshals. So much has been written about what others saw. Ruby recounts what she remembers as a child, and what she thinks now as an adult looking back on the experience. I found the book both fascinating and sad.
Towards the end of the book, she says that she felt no ill-will towards the white children who refused to play with her. When she was told to do something, she was expected to say ‘Yes Ma’am’ and not much else. Obedience was highly valued in her family and in that time. If her mother had told her not to play with a white child, she would not have played with a white child. She recognized that these children were just obeying their parents, as she herself was expected to do.
It’s easy now to look back at an event, an era, and a place and see how ugly and wrong it is. Maybe that would have been easy at the time, too. I live in the North, and it’s easy to vilify the Southerners of that time. When I read descriptions of the crowds of protesters who flanked that elementary school and rioted in the streets of New Orleans, I think of bystanders. There were white housewives. I’m a housewife by day. I have a lot to do in the course of a day. Even if I weren’t homeschooling, I know the constant dishes, meals, laundry, and housecleaning would be enough to keep me occupied. Given that 60 years ago there were fewer conveniences, and higher standards of housewives, I wonder how these women could justify spending hours, days, weeks harassing this little girl? There were also teen boys. Why weren’t these boys in school? Why were they allowed to be out, roaming the streets? There are not a lot of children in those photos, or white men. The men were probably at work, providing for their families. The children and teen girls were possibly being shielded from the spectacle. I cannot think that these women or teen boys acted alone. They had to have support, others who condoned their actions, permitted them to be present for weeks and months, before and after school, all day long. The men who were present were bystanders. Policemen, school administration who didn’t openly encourage the protesters, but they didn’t stop them either.
What is truly amazing to me is that this little 6-year-old girl went back, day after day, escorted by federal marshals, for a whole school year. Ruby’s mother went with her to school the first few days. But she had a job, and she needed to get back to work. She had three younger children as well that she needed to take care of. So Ruby went to school alone Every Day. Number 5 is 6 years old. I cannot imagine sending my little boy back again and again. This mother was a strong mother. There was stubbornness in Ruby, and in her mother, and courage.
I read about the pressure that the family faced that year. Her parents disagreed about integrating Ruby to a white school, and they eventually separated and divorced. Her dad lost his job because his child was attending a white school. Even the grocery story where they bought food every week asked the family not to shop there any more. There was a lot of attention from media. Every day as this little girl went to school ugliness was hurled at her – threats, slurs, even rotten eggs and tomatoes. The pictures of women who probably worked hard to look good on the outside stand with arms crossed, unwelcoming and mean. Once Ruby was in the classroom, she was still segregated. She was taught alone by one teacher in a classroom for that year. She describes being very lonely. Ruby’s teacher was under intense pressure as well and did not feel safe.
Most whites withdrew their children from the school. The few white families who chose to continue to send their children to the school were insulted and threatened as well. Some chose to leave the state completely. And yet under such intense pressure, this little girl remained. She continued on, and her mother steadfastly carried on. Maybe all of the work this family had done for generations made them strong in character as well. I can see why it would have been easy to give in. I can see why the true heroes in this story are the blacks – and the whites who supported them. The heroes in this story quietly did their job when others shouted at them to stay away. Millions watched from a safe distance and only observed on television or in the newspaper. All these photos – angry white men, women, children, and teen boys. Most of them are gone now. Dead. Names are forgotten. Just the images remain, and a past that none can be proud of.
I want to believe that I live in a better time and a better place. Maybe I do. Maybe I’m just staying safe in my house. Is this just a book that I read and find interesting? Is it enough to influence how I interact in my world and what I teach my kids now? Ruby makes the statement early on that children don’t learn racism on their own – it’s something that is taught. It’s evident from the photos of protesters outside the school and in the streets that adults make up most of the crowd. But the children in the the crowd are expected to mimic what the adults are doing, and they were encouraged in that behavior. Ugliness breeding ugliness. These parents – mothers and fathers – thought they were doing the right thing. Do any parents intentionally teach their kids the wrong thing? How else could they justify devoting time and energy to a cause of hatred? I wouldn’t want to be caught in photos, on television, by reporters, projected world-wide yelling vile words, carrying hateful posters, throwing objects. This is the behavior of children who do not get their way – and should not get their way. But these adults really believed they could make a judge, a president, a nation change their mind and go back to the way things were.
I have to stop ugliness in myself before I can stop it in my children. Sometimes ugliness in my children reminds me of the ugliness in me. Those who cannot learn from history are bound to repeat it. I want to repeat the good parts, not the ugly ones. I want to be the one strong enough to stand, and strong enough to expect my children to stand. We have to learn. We have to teach. We have to be different.